{"id":208,"date":"2026-05-15T11:05:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T11:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/?p=208"},"modified":"2026-05-15T11:05:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T11:05:04","slug":"nje-tragjedi-e-neglizhuar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/nje-tragjedi-e-neglizhuar\/","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb tragjedi e neglizhuar"},"content":{"rendered":"
4\u20137 minuta<\/div>\n\n\n

Gati 140 milion\u00eb foshnje lind\u00ebn n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn vitin e kaluar – ekuivalente me shtimin e dy popullsive t\u00eb reja t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Sipas Grupit Nd\u00ebrinstitucional t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Vler\u00ebsimet e Vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb F\u00ebmij\u00ebve, (UN IGME) rreth 2 milion\u00eb shtat\u00ebz\u00ebni p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me lindje t\u00eb vdekura \u00e7do vit n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Ka shum\u00eb shkaqe kongjenitale t\u00eb vdekjes nga anomalit\u00eb e fetusit deri te komplikimet e lindjes, infeksionet dhe keqformimet e placent\u00ebs.

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb Nature Communications, vendet me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe mesatare mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr 39.7% t\u00eb lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura, po ashtu ekziston edhe nj\u00eb arsyje tjet\u00ebr e d\u00ebmshme: ndotja e ajrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grimcat, t\u00eb njohura si PM2.5, jan\u00eb nj\u00eb term q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb grimcat jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb ngurta dhe pikat e l\u00ebngshme t\u00eb pezulluara n\u00eb aj\u00ebr. Ndotja e ajrit n\u00eb form\u00ebn e grimcave m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se 2.5 mikron (PM2.5) jan\u00eb grimca q\u00eb jan\u00eb rreth 3% t\u00eb gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb flokut t\u00eb njeriut dhe zakonisht dalin nga djegia e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve fosile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb ri t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Qendra p\u00ebr Sh\u00ebndetin Publik t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Pekinit, 98% e lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura ndodhin n\u00eb 137 vende nga Azia, Afrika dhe Amerika Latine.
Studiuesit p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb Kombet e Bashkuara e quajn\u00eb nj\u00eb tragjedi t\u00eb neglizhuar t\u00eb lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura dhe theksojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb kuptimi gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve themelor\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr parandalimin e lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb (OBSH) kishte vendosur si referenc\u00eb nivelin e PM2.5 n\u00eb 5 mikrogram\u00eb (5 \u03bcg\/m\u00b3) p\u00ebr met\u00ebr kub aj\u00ebr. Sipas studimit, praktikisht t\u00eb gjitha n\u00ebnat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuara ndaj PM2.5 mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel referimi. Ekspozimi ndaj ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel mund t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb n\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, astm\u00ebs, reduktim t\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive dhe vdekje t\u00eb parakohshme te njer\u00ebzit me s\u00ebmundje para-ekzistuese t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ose mushk\u00ebrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrqendrimi mesatar global i ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit (PM2.5) \u00ebsht\u00eb 46 \u03bcg p\u00ebr met\u00ebr kub (n\u00ebnt\u00eb her\u00eb niveli i referenc\u00ebs s\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb). Megjithat\u00eb, globalisht nuk mund t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. Ky nivel \u00ebsht\u00eb 9 \u03bcg n\u00eb Australi dhe vet\u00ebm 6 \u03bcg n\u00eb Kanada. Vendet ku ndihet m\u00eb shum\u00eb problemi i ndotjes jan\u00eb vendet m\u00eb pak t\u00eb zhvilluara t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studimi, i cili p\u00ebrfshinte shifra t\u00eb lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura n\u00eb 137 vende me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb mesme, nxori n\u00eb pah seriozitetin e ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit. Rezultatet zbuluan nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme midis emetimeve t\u00eb grimcave dhe incidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb vdekur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

India, vendi m\u00eb i goditur me nj\u00eb mesatare prej 217,000 lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura (25 milion\u00eb lindje t\u00eb gjalla), kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrim PM2.5 prej 60.15 \u03bcg p\u00ebr met\u00ebr kub aj\u00ebr, ose 12 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se niveli i referenc\u00ebs s\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb. Pakistani, vendi i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i prekur me 110,000 lindje t\u00eb vdekura n\u00eb vit (krahasuar me 6.1 milion\u00eb lindje t\u00eb gjalla), kishte 63.2 \u03bcg ndotje t\u00eb ajrit. Nigeria (93,000 lindje t\u00eb vdekura, 7.8 milion\u00eb lindje t\u00eb gjalla dhe 69.7 \u03bcg); Kina (64,000 lindje t\u00eb vdekura, 10.6 milion\u00eb lindje t\u00eb gjalla dhe 51.1 \u03bcg) dhe Bangladeshi (49,000 lindje t\u00eb vdekura, 2.8 milion\u00eb lindje t\u00eb gjalla dhe 69.6 \u03bcg).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mosha e n\u00ebn\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar gjithashtu se luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rrezikun e vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb. Bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e OBSH-s\u00eb, si dhe n\u00eb dy meta-analiza t\u00eb disponueshme t\u00eb lindjeve t\u00eb vdekura, studiuesit llogarit\u00ebn se n\u00ebnat q\u00eb humb\u00ebn f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb lindje ishin mesatarisht 3.8 vjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se n\u00ebnat, foshnjat e t\u00eb cilave u lind\u00ebn me sukses. N\u00eb vendet me PM2.5 t\u00eb lart\u00eb, rreziku m\u00eb i madh i lindjes s\u00eb vdekur ishte tek n\u00ebnat 34 vje\u00e7 e lart. Gjithashtu, rreziku i lindjes s\u00eb vdekur \u00ebsht\u00eb 11% m\u00eb i lart\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat q\u00eb mbeten shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vonshme sesa ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mekanizmi i sakt\u00eb q\u00eb lidh p\u00ebrqendrimin e PM2.5 me lindjet e vdekura \u00ebsht\u00eb i paqart\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa mekanizmat e mundsh\u00ebm biologjik\u00eb p\u00ebr lidhjen midis ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit dhe humbjes s\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb qarta, ekzistojn\u00eb tri mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb studiuesit sugjerojn\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 \u2013 Kur nj\u00eb person shtat\u00ebz\u00ebn\u00eb thith grimcat PM2.5, k\u00ebto grimca hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb qarkullimin e gjakut dhe kalojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt barrier\u00ebn placentare dhe transmetohen tek fetusi. Kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb oksigjenit ose probleme imune tek foshnja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 \u2013 Ekspozimi ndaj grimcave PM2.5 mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin e methemoglobin\u00ebs. Kjo form\u00eb e hemoglobin\u00ebs nuk lidhet me oksigjenin dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk mund t\u2019i d\u00ebrgohet fetusit n\u00eb sasi t\u00eb mjaftueshme. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, ajo shkakton probleme n\u00eb sistemin imunitar t\u00eb fetusit, duke shkaktuar vdekjen n\u00eb mit\u00ebr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u2013 PM2.5 mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb anomali ose keqformime n\u00eb vet\u00eb placent\u00ebn, duke parandaluar q\u00eb placenta t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb fetus gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosova i tejkalon duksh\u00ebm standardet e BE-s\u00eb
<\/strong>
Duke par\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e zonave urbane vuajn\u00eb nga cil\u00ebsia e dob\u00ebt e ajrit me p\u00ebrqendrime mjedisore t\u00eb grimcave PM2.5 q\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm standardet e Bashkimit Evropian (20 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 n\u00eb vit). Edhe pse ndotja e ajrit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e dokumentuar mir\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi informativ sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jofunksional, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore tregojn\u00eb se rreth 760 njer\u00ebz n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb vdesin para kohe \u00e7do vit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ekspozimit ndaj ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb ambientit. 11% e k\u00ebtyre rasteve jan\u00eb nga Prishtina (23.5\u00b5g\/m\u00b3), q\u00eb paraqet qytetin m\u00eb t\u00eb ndotur dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb populluar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr rreziqet e ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit nga lindjet e vdekura n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numri i t\u00eb lindurve t\u00eb vdekur, i cili ishte 2.31 milion\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2019, ra n\u00eb 1.93 milion\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2020. Sipas studiuesve, kjo r\u00ebnie vjen si pasoj\u00eb e uljes s\u00eb ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit n\u00eb vendet me ndotjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb ajrit, si Kina. Studiuesit thon\u00eb se duke reduktuar ndotjen e ajrit n\u00ebn 10 \u03bcg\/m3, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb parandalohen 710,000 lindje t\u00eb vdekura n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencat:<\/summary>\n

Michikawa, T., et al. Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022.
Enquobahrie, DA., et al. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and placental gene expression. Environ Int. 2022.
Mariet, AS., et al. Association between moderated level of air pollution and fetal growth: the potential role of noise exposure. Sci Rep. 2021.
Bov\u00e9, H., et al. Ambient black carbon particles reach the fetal side of human placenta. Nat Commun. 2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

\u270e \u015eeyma Celina Suroy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"Prizma<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gati 140 milion\u00eb foshnje lind\u00ebn n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn vitin e kaluar – ekuivalente me shtimin e dy popullsive t\u00eb reja t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Sipas Grupit Nd\u00ebrinstitucional t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gaia","entry-card--square"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-15-2026-01_02_27-PM.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions\/210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizmamedium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}